Number is what gives the concept of counting.
Number is two kinds-
1.
Singular Number
2.
Plural Number
Singular Number: When only one person or thing is indicated, it is
singular number.
For example: boy, girl,
baby, calf, ox, mouse
Plural Number: When more than one person or thing is indicated, it
is plural number.
For example: boys, girls,
babies, calves, oxen, mice
Singular to Plural
*
Adding only ‘s’ at the end of a noun
Example: ant®ants,
girl®girls
*
Adding only ‘es’ at the end of a noun
Example: clothe® clothes,
fish®fishes
*
Adding only ‘ies’ instead of ‘y’.
Example: fry®fries,
fly®flies
*
Adding only ‘ves’ instead of ‘f’ or ‘fe’or ‘ff’.
Example: knife®knives,
scarf®scarfs,
cliff®cliffs
*
Adding only ‘ice’ instead of ‘ous’.
Example: louse®lice,
mouse®mice
*
Some words are same in singular
or plural forms.
Example: sheep®sheep, deer®deer
Find
out only singular noun forms from the passage
The present
age is marked not only by the importance of the family as an economic and
welfare institution but also by its increasing importance as an arrangement for
socializing and raising children and for the psychological support of adults.
There has been a wide disintegration of large kin groups and an intensification
of relationships within the nuclear family. Moreover, the world is seeing an
increasing association of women with earning and with out of home activities,
In the pre-industrial feudal society, both husbands and wives worked together
in the fields and outside the home. However, in the industrial period, women
were segregated from out-of-home productive work. The hearth became the place
for them; so cooking, cleaning, washing, giving birth and rearing children
became their jobs. Men became the wage earners and all other outdoor activities
became their responsibility. In the post-war period, women started joining the
workforce contributing to family income and thus started exercising an
influence on family affairs. Previously, authority in the family rested on the
husband who was the decision maker in all matters. But women, with their
economic power, started influencing decisions about important family matters.
In developed countries now, household work is shared by both husbands and wives
and outdoor activities like shopping and taking children to school, to doctors
or for recreation are done equally by both husbands and wives. Large extended
families have given, and are still giving place to small, nuclear families. Even
in developing countries, with the process of industrialization and
urbanization, extended families are breaking down. Kinship is declining. In the
west, marriages now often break up. So, the number of single-mother or
single-father families is ever on the increase. The psychological problems of
children in such families are also increasing in modern times.
Find
out only plural noun/pronoun forms from the passage
Communicative
competence refers to the ability to use a language appropriately in various
circumstances. There are two ways of developing communicative competence in a
language. The first is acquisition which is similar to the way people develop
ability in their mother tongue. It is a natural, subconscious process in which
users are not usually aware of acquiring a language. They are aware only of the
fact that they are using the language for communication. In non-technical
terms, acquisition is 'picking up' a language spontaneously. It may also be
called ‘implicit learning. ' On the other hand, the second way of developing
communicative competence in a language is learning that language. It refers to
conscious knowledge of a second language, knowing the rules of language use,
being aware of them and being able to talk about them. In non-technical terms,
learning is to know consciously about a language. It may be described as
explicit learning. Language specialists believe that acquiring a language is
more successful and longer lasting than learning. Therefore, teachers these
days encourage learners of a second language to practise and experience the
language in different situations where they are involved in communicating with
others. And that is exactly what the tasks in this book are designed to do.
Find
out only plural noun forms from the passage
Statistics
show that about 350 million people speak English as a first language and
another 300 million use it as a second language. It is the official or semi-official
language in more than 60 countries and of many international organisations. The
International Olympic Committee, for example, always holds meetings in English.
English helps the international community and the business world to communicate
across national borders. Today, more than 80% of all the information in the
world's computers is in English, so organisations frequently need employees who
speak and write a standard form of English. In fact some companies provide
English language training for their staff. It is therefore little wonder that
job advertisements nowadaysoften ask for a 'good working knowledge' of English.
Many believe now that English usually helps them to get good jobs and better
salaries.
Find
out only singular noun forms from the passage
The
Chinese put a lot of emphasis on the unity of the family. In the cities, the
parks are often crowded with families spending their time together. There are
lots of nice, clean parks for people to spend their time in. Sometimes
musicians and acrobats perform in the open air to entertain people who are
present there. In the evening many families spend their free time watching
television. The Japanese love to take part in sports in their free time.
Baseball, golf and martial arts such as judo and karate are specially popular
with men. Most students do not have much free time but during their holidays
they join English clubs or art clubs. They also love skate boarding which
involves riding on a flat piece of wood that has wheels under it. A lot of practice
is needed to keep your balance on the board as it moves. In Canada recreational
activities can be divided into two types-summer and winter activities. Canada
is a very cold country with snow everywhere in winter. Skiing is therefore a
popular sport at that time and involves sliding down mountain slopes wearing a
pair of skis. Snowboarding, which is very much like skateboarding, is also a
favorite sports. The only difference between the two is that snowboarding is
done on snow while skateboarding is done on concrete. In summer people love to
go fishing, boating or swimming in places where there are large lakes or sea
beaches. In other places, golf and tennis are quite popular. Many people also
go hunting, hiking, camping, or bird watching for outdoor activities. Hiking
involves going for a very long walk in the mountains or in the countryside. For
camping people go, sometimes with their families to live in the mountains or
open spaces away from the city. There are many camping sites that provide
facilities for food, sanitation and emergency medical services. For the Germans
leisure has become a major pursuit. Formerly, Germans used to work ten hours a
day and six days a week and had very little time for leisure. But in modern
times working hours in Germany have become shorter stretching over five days
only. People have therefore more time to spare now than in the past. They are
so interested in spending their free time effectively that there is even a
German Leisure Association that conducts research on leisure activities. The
Germans love to travel and almost half of all adults in Germany have made a
trip outside the country just for pleasure and relaxation. There are also many
sports centres where young people go for physical exercise. Going to dance
clubs or long drives are other favourite pastimes. Hiking, going walking or
visiting families and friends are also some of the most common leisure
activities there. However, whatever the country, one activity that is common to
all is—watching television. HSC-English for Today
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