Tense is the greatest grammatical item in English grammar.

Tense My Youtube video on Tense

Tense is the greatest grammatical item in English grammar. It is called the soul of English language. With the help of tense, a learner can learn all the items of English grammar. So, tense is a must to start learning English grammar.

Tense denotes the time of action.

Tense is mainly of three kinds-

1) Present Tense

2) Past Tense

3) Future Tense

Each tense is divided into four parts

Present Tense

1) Present Indefinite Tense

2) Present Continuous Tense

3) Present Perfect Tense

4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Tense

1) Past Indefinite Tense

2) Past Continuous Tense

3) Past Perfect Tense

4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Tense

1) Future Indefinite Tense

2) Future Continuous Tense

3) Future Perfect Tense

4) Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Indefinite Tense

¶ Structure: Subject+ present form of the verb

Þ For example: we help the poor.

Present Continuous Tense

¶ Subject+ am/is/are+ ing with main verb

Þ For example: He is writing a letter.

Present Perfect Tense

¶ Subject +have/has+ past participle of the verb

Þ For example: We have bought some apples.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

¶ Subject +have been/has been+ ing with main verb

Þ For example: It has been raining since morning.

Past Indefinite Tense

¶ Subject +past form of the verb

Þ For example: She faced the problem.

Past Continuous Tense

¶ Subject+ was/were+ ing with main verb

Þ For example: I was reading a novel.

Past Perfect Tense

¶ Subject +had+ past participle of the verb

Þ For example: They had completed the work.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

¶ Subject +had been+ ing with main verb

Þ For example: Karim had been doing the task for the last three hours.

Future Indefinite Tense

¶ Subject+ shall/will+ main verb

Þ For example: Eshita will sit for the HSC examination.

Future Continuous Tense

¶ Subject+ shall be/will be+ ing with main verb

Þ For example: He will be doing the work.

Future Perfect Tense

¶ Subject +shall have/will have+ past participle of the verb

Þ For example: I shall have finished the task by this time.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

¶ Subject +shall have been/will have been+ ing with main verb

Þ For example: She will have been reading the story for 2 hours.

Name the tenses of the following sentences.

* Karim is my elder brother.

* She is my mother.

* We saw army in the ground field.

* There is little water in this glass.

* Kindness is a great virtue.

* He will go to Chittagong very soon.

* She has bought two red pencils.

* They went there willingly.

* This is not his wish at all.

* It will be intact forever.

* He is a good person.

* She has taken much fruit.

* Divide ten mangoes between two boys.

* The house is very fine.

* We do the work.

* She reads the book.

* They know us well.

* He became happy.

* I live in Dhaka.

* He has done the work nicely.

* She will certainly come tomorrow.

* Always speak the truth.

* They went there.

* Faroq has played football too.

* He sat by Karim.

* I went there with him.

* We helped him for Rahim.

* He has come here from Dhaka.

* I know Karim and Rahim.

* I went to market and bought some apples.

* They came here and I started teaching.

* Oh! Allah, what I shall do now.

* Ah! He has done it.

* Fie! You have stolen the mobile set.

* Wow! You are here.

* Hurrah!We have won the match.

Find out the tenses as directed in the underline.

Humans, animals and plants are all important elements of the natural environment. But humans are cruelly destroying plants and animals and thereby creating a danger for us all. The destruction of forests and other habitats is causing the extinction of various plants and animals every day. These losses are particularly severe in the areas of tropical forests which cover only 7% of the surface of the globe, but which provide the living space for between 50% and 80% of all our wildlife. Many wild animals and birds such as pandas, bears, tigers, alligators, whales, wolves, eagles, falcons, kites and buzzards are faced with the threat of extinction today. Their decline has been accelerated by the destruction of their feeding and nestling places, by the collection of eggs, and above all by the widespread use of chemicals and pesticides which enter their food chains leading to sterility and mass deaths. Hunting of birds and animals is another cause of their extinction. Men kill birds for food and feathers, hunt big cats to make fur coats and slaughter alligators and other reptiles for shoes and bags. In addition, whale-hunting has also drastically reduced the number of blue whales in the Atlantic Ocean. Eft u:6,L:4

The world is producing millions of tons of domestic rubbish and toxic industrial waste each year, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to find suitable locations to get rid of all the refuse. The disposal of various kinds of waste is seriously polluting the environment. We know that air is an important element of our environment and our air is polluted by smoke. Man makes fires to cook food, make bricks, and melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke and pollute the air. Railway engines and powerhouses create smoke by burning coal and oil. Mills and factories also belch a lot of smoke. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. These too emit smoke. All these kinds of smoke pollute the air. Water, another vital element of the environment, is also polluted in different ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it. Farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. When rain and floods wash away some of these chemicals, they get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers and canals and thus pollute the water. Water vehicles also pollute rivers by dumping oil, food waste and human waste into them. Insanitary latrines and unsafe drains standing on river and canal banks are also responsible for further pollution. Thus, water is contaminated by various kinds of waste and filth. U:6,L:1

In recent years, there have been many alarming reports that the world's climate is undergoing a significant change. All these reports provide strong evidence that world temperatures are increasing day by day. This increase in global warming is caused by increased amounts of carbon dioxide around the earth. Most climatologists believe that the greenhouse effect is the likely cause of this global warming. What is the greenhouse effect? It is the gradual warning of the air surrounding the earth as a result of heat being trapped by environmental pollution. This is exemplified by the destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, by traffic that clogs up city streets, by the rapid growth of industry, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in packaging and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents such as washing powder and washing-up liquid and so on. The oceans are also said to be affected both because of human waste and because of pollution caused by industrial waste products, oil seeping from damaged supertankers and from other maritime disasters. However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon dioxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Climatologists predict that midway through the next century, temperatures may have risen by as much as 4°C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind's ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea level and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. U:6,L:3